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What Works: Immunizations
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Clinical Strategies
Population Strategies

Clinical Strategies

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices develops recommendations for the routine administration of vaccines. It consists of 15 experts selected by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Summary of 2004 ACIP immunization recommendations:

Immunization Recommendations for Children and Adolescents

All Children
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Pneumococcal
Polio Measles-Mumps-Rubella(MWR)
Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Hepatitis B
Varicella (Chickenpox)  
Children At-Risk
Hepatitis A
Influenza (Flu)

Immunization Recommendations for Adults Over 18 Years

Adults 18+ Years
· Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine-all adults, every 10 years
· Influenza (Flu) Vaccine-adults 50 and older
· Pneumococcal Vaccine-adults 65 and older
· Hepatitis B Vaccine-adults at risk
· Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Vaccine-susceptible adults
· Varicella or Chickenpox Vaccine-susceptible adults
· Travelers may need additional vaccines

Population Strategies

Guide to Community Preventive Services or "Community Guide" details effective community-based strategies to promote and safeguard health. These might include media campaigns, educational programs, policy changes, or regulatory action. It is being developed by an independent task force convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

These tables provide an overview of the Community Guide's recommendations on increasing immunization rates. The Community Guide Web site explains each recommendation.

Strategies to Increase Community Demand for Immunizations
Client reminder/recall systems Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
Multi-component interventions + education Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
Vaccine requirements for childcare or school attendance Sufficient Evidence of Effectiveness


Strategies to Enhance Access to Immunizations
Reduce out-of-pocket costs Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
Expand access + multi-component intervention Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
Programs in women, infants and children (WIC) settings Sufficient Evidence of Effectiveness
Home Visits Sufficient Evidence of Effectiveness


Provider-based Strategies to Increase Delivery of Immunizations
Provider reminder/recall systems Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
Assessment and feedback for providers Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
Standing orders-adults Strong Evidence of Effectiveness


All of our Population Strategies documents are in pdf form. You may download Adobe Reader here:Get Adobe